Research references

External sources (website URLs only).

Standards

• ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 — Additive manufacturing vocabulary
• ASTM Additive Manufacturing Standards hub

Industrial production

• GE Aerospace — 30,000 Additive Fuel Nozzles (2018)
• Made in Alabama — GE Auburn 100,000th nozzle (2021)
• GE — Walnut-sized part that changed jet engines

Cost and economics

• NIST SP 1176 — Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Additive Manufacturing
• MarketsandMarkets — 3D Printing Challenges 2026
• Fabbaloo — Ups and Downs for 3D Printing in 2025
• Metal AM — Binder jetting vs powder bed fusion

Corporate events

• Nano Dimension — Completes Acquisition of Desktop Metal (2025-04-02)
• VoxelMatters — Stratasys acquires Markforged for $42.5M (2026-05-27)
• 3DPrint.com — Nano Dimension / Desktop Metal context

Geopolitics and Canada

• TCT — NDAA covered-nation AM machine restrictions
• Metal AM — US DoD AM security and sourcing rules
• King & Spalding — FY2026 NDAA domestic sourcing notes
• 3D Printing Industry — Canada Defence Industrial Strategy and AM
• Mosaic — Additive manufacturing in aerospace and defence

AI × AM and education

• ScienceDirect — Generative AI for additive manufacturing (2026)
• Materialise
• VoxelMatters — Gartner failed 3D printing predictions
• New York Times — Rise and Fall of a 3-D Printing Empire
• Loughborough AMRG — Seven categories of AM
• 3D Systems — Our Story (Chuck Hull)
• TCT — Scott Crump FDM legacy